diff --git a/src/aacs/decrypt.rs b/src/aacs/decrypt.rs
index e28090f..8694d9f 100644
--- a/src/aacs/decrypt.rs
+++ b/src/aacs/decrypt.rs
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ use aes::cipher::{BlockDecrypt, BlockEncrypt, KeyInit, generic_array::GenericArr
 
 // ── AACS constants ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// Fixed IV used by AACS for all AES-CBC operations.
+/// Fixed IV used by AACS for all AES-CBC operations. [C] §2.1.2 (default CBC IV, `iv0`).
 pub(crate) const AACS_IV: [u8; 16] = [
     0x0B, 0xA0, 0xF8, 0xDD, 0xFE, 0xA6, 0x1F, 0xB3, 0xD8, 0xDF, 0x9F, 0x56, 0x6A, 0x05, 0x0F, 0x78,
 ];
 
-/// Size of an AACS aligned unit (3 × 2048-byte sectors).
+/// Size of an AACS aligned unit (3 × 2048-byte sectors). [BD] §3.10.1.
 pub const ALIGNED_UNIT_LEN: usize = 6144;
 
 /// An AACS aligned unit spans this many 2048-byte sectors (3).
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ const TS_SYNC: u8 = 0x47;
 
 // ── AES primitives ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// AES-128-ECB encrypt a single 16-byte block.
+/// AES-128-ECB encrypt a single 16-byte block. [C] §2.1.1 (`AES-128E`).
 pub(crate) fn aes_ecb_encrypt(key: &[u8; 16], data: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     let cipher = Aes128::new(GenericArray::from_slice(key));
     let mut block = GenericArray::clone_from_slice(data);
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub(crate) fn aes_ecb_encrypt(key: &[u8; 16], data: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     out
 }
 
-/// AES-128-ECB decrypt a single 16-byte block.
+/// AES-128-ECB decrypt a single 16-byte block. [C] §2.1.1 (`AES-128D`).
 pub(crate) fn aes_ecb_decrypt(key: &[u8; 16], data: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     let cipher = Aes128::new(GenericArray::from_slice(key));
     let mut block = GenericArray::clone_from_slice(data);
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub(crate) fn aes_ecb_decrypt(key: &[u8; 16], data: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     out
 }
 
-/// AES-128-CBC decrypt in-place with the fixed AACS IV.
+/// AES-128-CBC decrypt in-place with the fixed AACS IV. [C] §2.1.2 (`AES-128CBCD`).
 ///
 /// Precondition: `data.len()` is a multiple of 16. Any trailing partial
 /// block is silently ignored; all callers pass aligned regions (6128 and
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub fn ts_sync_destroyed(unit: &[u8]) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// The AUTHORITATIVE AACS "is this aligned unit encrypted?" signal — the Copy
-/// Permission Indicator (CPI) in the top 2 bits of byte 0. Byte 0 is the first
+/// Permission Indicator (CPI) in the top 2 bits of byte 0. [BD] §3.10.2. Byte 0 is the first
 /// byte of the first source packet's `TP_extra_header`, which AACS always leaves
 /// in the clear (the first 16 bytes of every unit are the unencrypted SEED). So
 /// this is readable WITHOUT a key:
@@ -385,7 +385,10 @@ pub fn decrypt_unit(unit: &mut [u8], unit_key: &[u8; 16]) -> bool {
     }
 
     // Save original first 16 bytes (the plaintext seed / header) and derive the
-    // per-unit decrypt key (identical to `decrypt_unit_checked`).
+    // per-unit Block Key (identical to `decrypt_unit_checked`).
+    // Block Key = AES-128E(Kcu, seed) ⊕ seed  ([BD] §3.10.1 Fig 3-8, two-node
+    // construction: encrypt the clear seed under the CPS Unit Key, then XOR the
+    // seed back in — the trailing ⊕seed is load-bearing).
     let mut header = [0u8; 16];
     header.copy_from_slice(&unit[..16]);
     let derived = aes_ecb_encrypt(unit_key, &header);
@@ -393,6 +396,7 @@ pub fn decrypt_unit(unit: &mut [u8], unit_key: &[u8; 16]) -> bool {
     for i in 0..16 {
         decrypt_key[i] = derived[i] ^ header[i];
     }
+    // Final 6128 bytes of the aligned unit under the Block Key; first 16 = clear seed. [BD] §3.10.1.
     aes_cbc_decrypt(&decrypt_key, &mut unit[16..ALIGNED_UNIT_LEN]);
 
     // Verify content packets; zero out padding packets (their decrypted bytes are
diff --git a/src/aacs/keys.rs b/src/aacs/keys.rs
index 5eb43fe..6b34e81 100644
--- a/src/aacs/keys.rs
+++ b/src/aacs/keys.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ impl AacsVersion {
 
 // ── VUK derivation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// Derive VUK from Media Key and Volume ID.
+/// Derive VUK from Media Key and Volume ID. [PR] §3.3 / [BD] §3.3
+/// (`Kvu = AES-G(Km, IDv)`; AES-G uses AES-128D):
 /// VUK = AES-128-ECB-DECRYPT(media_key, volume_id) XOR volume_id
 pub fn derive_vuk(media_key: &[u8; 16], volume_id: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     let mut vuk = aes_ecb_decrypt(media_key, volume_id);
@@ -73,7 +74,8 @@ pub fn derive_vuk(media_key: &[u8; 16], volume_id: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     vuk
 }
 
-/// Decrypt an encrypted unit key using the VUK (AES-128-ECB).
+/// Decrypt an encrypted unit key using the VUK (AES-128-ECB). [PR] §3.5
+/// (Title Key unwrap `Kt = AES-128D(Ku, Kte)`); the BD "CPS Unit Key" synonym is [BD] §3.9.3.
 pub fn decrypt_unit_key(vuk: &[u8; 16], encrypted_uk: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
     aes_ecb_decrypt(vuk, encrypted_uk)
 }
@@ -316,11 +318,11 @@ fn try_pk_against_tables(
 /// Validate a processing key against a cvalue/UV pair.
 /// Returns the Media Key if valid.
 ///
-/// Steps:
-///   1. `mk = AES-128D(pk, cvalue)`
-///   2. `mk[12..16] ^= uv` (4 bytes XOR into the last 4 bytes only)
-///   3. `dec_vd = AES-128D(mk, mk_dv)`
-///   4. If `dec_vd[0..8] == 01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF` → valid.
+/// Steps (media key: [C] §3.2.4; verify relation: [C] §3.2.5.1.4):
+///   1. `mk = AES-128D(pk, cvalue)`                       [C] §3.2.4
+///   2. `mk[12..16] ^= uv` (4 bytes XOR into the last 4 bytes only)  [C] §3.2.4
+///   3. `dec_vd = AES-128D(mk, mk_dv)`                     [C] §3.2.5.1.4
+///   4. If `dec_vd[0..8] == 01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF` → valid.  [C] §3.2.5.1.4
 fn validate_processing_key(
     pk: &[u8; 16],
     cvalue: &[u8],
@@ -400,6 +402,7 @@ pub mod probe {
 }
 
 /// Find Verify Media Key Record (type 0x81 for AACS 1.0, 0x86 for AACS 2.0/2.1) in MKB.
+/// 0x81: [C] §3.2.5.1.4. 0x86 (AACS 2.x): [libaacs] `mkb.c` — not in the public spec.
 fn mkb_find_mk_dv(mkb: &[u8]) -> Option<[u8; 16]> {
     // Verify-Media-Key record (0x81 for AACS 1.0, 0x86 for AACS 2.x): mk_dv is
     // the 16 bytes at record offset 4 (body offset 0). Needs rec_len >= 20.
@@ -430,12 +433,12 @@ fn mkb_find_mk_dv(mkb: &[u8]) -> Option<[u8; 16]> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Find Subset-Difference records (type 0x04) in MKB.
+/// Find Subset-Difference records (type 0x04) in MKB. [C] §3.2.5.1.5.
 fn mkb_find_subdiff_records(mkb: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
     find_record_body(mkb, 0x04)
 }
 
-/// Find the Media Key Data Record (cvalues table) in an MKB.
+/// Find the Media Key Data Record (cvalues table) in an MKB. [C] §3.2.4 / §3.2.5.1.7.
 ///
 /// The cvalue table is record type `0x05` (Media Key Data) on BOTH AACS
 /// 1.0 and AACS 2.x MKBs — its 16-byte cvalue entries are 1:1 with the
@@ -575,7 +578,7 @@ impl MkbType {
 }
 
 /// The raw 32-bit MKBType field from the Type-and-Version record (0x10), bytes
-/// 4-7. `None` if no 0x10 record is present.
+/// 4-7. `None` if no 0x10 record is present. [C] §3.2.5.1.1 Table 3-2.
 pub fn mkb_type_raw(mkb: &[u8]) -> Option<u32> {
     // Type-and-Version record (0x10): the 32-bit MKBType is bytes 4-7 (body
     // offset 0). Needs rec_len >= 8 (4 header + 4 type).
@@ -597,12 +600,13 @@ pub fn mkb_is_uhd(mkb: &[u8]) -> Option<bool> {
 
 // ── AACS-G3 key derivation (subset-difference tree) ─────────────────────────
 
-/// AACS-G3 seed constant.
+/// AACS-G3 seed constant (`s0`). [C] §3.2.2.
 const AESG3_SEED: [u8; 16] = [
     0x7B, 0x10, 0x3C, 0x5D, 0xCB, 0x08, 0xC4, 0xE5, 0x1A, 0x27, 0xB0, 0x17, 0x99, 0x05, 0x3B, 0xD9,
 ];
 
-/// AACS-G3: derive a subkey from a parent key.
+/// AACS-G3: derive a subkey from a parent key. [C] §3.2.2 (Triple AES Generator:
+/// left=`D(k,s0)⊕s0` inc 0, pk=`D(k,s0+1)⊕(s0+1)` inc 1, right=`D(k,s0+2)⊕(s0+2)` inc 2).
 /// seed[15] += inc, then AES-DEC(key, seed) XOR seed.
 ///
 /// Shared with [`super::variants`] (its variant chain runs the same SD
@@ -617,7 +621,7 @@ pub(super) fn aesg3(key: &[u8; 16], inc: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
     out
 }
 
-/// Compute v_mask from a UV value. Shared with [`super::variants`].
+/// Compute v_mask from a UV value. [C] §3.2.3. Shared with [`super::variants`].
 pub(super) fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
     let mut v_mask: u32 = 0xFFFF_FFFF;
     while (uv & !v_mask) == 0 && v_mask != 0 {
@@ -627,7 +631,7 @@ pub(super) fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
 }
 
 /// Derive processing key from device key using subset-difference tree traversal.
-/// Shared with [`super::variants`].
+/// [C] §3.2.4 (device-tree descent, MSB-branch, terminal PK). Shared with [`super::variants`].
 pub(super) fn calc_pk_from_dk(
     dk: &[u8; 16],
     uv: u32,
@@ -731,9 +735,11 @@ pub fn derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(
                 continue;
             }
 
+            // u-mask = shift count of low-order 0 bits ([C] §3.2.5.1.5); v-mask [C] §3.2.3.
             let u_mask: u32 = 0xFFFF_FFFF << u_mask_shift;
             let v_mask = calc_v_mask(uv);
 
+            // Subset-difference applies iff (d&mu)==(uv&mu) && (d&mv)!=(uv&mv). [C] §3.2.4.
             if ((device_number & u_mask) == (uv & u_mask))
                 && ((device_number & v_mask) != (uv & v_mask))
             {
diff --git a/src/aacs/mod.rs b/src/aacs/mod.rs
index 67a36e7..556ecfb 100644
--- a/src/aacs/mod.rs
+++ b/src/aacs/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@
 //!
 //! The VUK decrypts title keys from AACS/Unit_Key_RO.inf on disc.
 //! Title keys decrypt m2ts stream content (AES-128-CBC).
+//!
+//! ## Spec provenance
+//!
+//! The crypto below carries `[TAG] §x.y` citations back to the published AACS
+//! specification (Final Rev 0.953), so each primitive links to the section it
+//! implements:
+//!   - `[C]`  — AACS Introduction and Common Cryptographic Elements Book (primitives, MKB/key-management).
+//!   - `[PR]` — AACS Pre-recorded Video Book (Volume/Title Key layer).
+//!   - `[BD]` — AACS Blu-ray Disc Pre-recorded Book (CPS Unit Key, Aligned Unit, Block Key).
+//!   - `[libaacs]` — the libaacs reference implementation, cited only where the spec
+//!     is silent (the `0x86` verify record and the Category-C MKBType names).
 
 pub mod boil;
 pub mod decrypt;
diff --git a/src/aacs/variants.rs b/src/aacs/variants.rs
index 0360ddf..802806e 100644
--- a/src/aacs/variants.rs
+++ b/src/aacs/variants.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,20 @@
 //! Km      = AES-128D(Kpnew, VKD) XOR uv
 //! ```
 //!
+//! **Spec note — Variant Number width (`Kvn`).** The published AACS
+//! Sequence-Key Variant Number (Introduction and Common Cryptographic
+//! Elements book, Rev 0.953, §3.2.5.2.2, record `0x0D`) is the **low 10
+//! bits** of `AES-G(Kp, Nonce)` — a range of ≤1024 variants. This 2.1
+//! chain instead takes the **low 16 bits** (`& 0xFFFF`), because it
+//! indexes the 2.1 VKD table (`0x2f`), which carries up to 65,535 entries:
+//! the wider index is demanded by the larger table, not a mis-transcription
+//! of the 10-bit spec value. Both the 16-bit width and the Nonce source
+//! (tail of `0x2d`) are RE-derived from a single live variant MKB and
+//! remain UNCONFIRMED — the spec's `0x0D` "Variant Number" record does not
+//! appear on a real 2.1 MKB. If a covering key ever lets the chain run
+//! end-to-end against the `0x86` verify, this width is the first thing to
+//! confirm.
+//!
 //! Two condition bits on `Kmp[15]` route off the hardcoded-KCD path
 //! (Soft Correction and Online Challenge). The chain refuses to run in
 //! either case — callers must handle those modes out of band.
@@ -191,7 +205,7 @@ pub(crate) fn variant_key_data(records: &[MkbRecord]) -> Option<&[u8]> {
 
 // ── AES-G ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-/// AES-G(x1, x2) = AES-128D(x1, x2) XOR x2.
+/// AES-G(x1, x2) = AES-128D(x1, x2) XOR x2. [C] §2.1.3 (note: uses AES-128**D**).
 ///
 /// The Media Key Variant chain uses AES-G to derive both the variant
 /// number (`Kvn = AES-G(Kp, Nonce)`) and the Volume Unique Key
@@ -261,7 +275,7 @@ fn mkb_find_mk_dv(records: &[MkbRecord]) -> Option<[u8; 16]> {
 ///     note on [`super::keys::probe::mkb_cvalues`]). They must NOT be
 ///     unified to one order — each is correct for its own MKB shape.
 ///   - finders: this walk operates on parsed [`MkbRecord`]s (needed
-///     because the variant chain also reads `0x82`/`0x83`); the
+///     because the variant chain also reads `0x2d`/`0x2f`); the
 ///     classical walk operates on raw MKB bytes. Same framing, different
 ///     input type.
 ///
@@ -723,9 +737,9 @@ mod tests {
     ///   times — Kp = aesg3(dk, 1).
     /// - one cvalue in record 0x07 chosen so AES-D(Kp, C) ⊕ uv produces a
     ///   Kmp whose byte-15 is exactly `kmp15`.
-    /// - record 0x82 with a 16-byte body (acts as both Variant Data
-    ///   and Variant Key Data; satisfies the parser heuristics).
-    /// - record 0x83 with a 16-byte Nonce.
+    /// - record 0x2d (Encrypted Media Key Variant Data): a 32-byte body
+    ///   carrying C in the head 16 bytes and a 16-byte Nonce in the tail.
+    /// - record 0x2f (Variant Key Data): one 16-byte entry.
     ///
     /// Returns (records, dk, planted_kp, planted_kmp).
     fn synthetic_variant_setup(kmp15: u8) -> (Vec<MkbRecord>, DeviceKey, [u8; 16], [u8; 16]) {