libfreemkv 0.31.7: expose Processing Key from the DK walk

Two byte-identical copies of the subset-difference walk lived in keys.rs
and variants.rs. Consolidate the pure helpers (aesg3, calc_v_mask,
calc_pk_from_dk) into keys.rs (pub(super)); variants.rs imports them.

Add derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(mkb, dks) -> Option<(mk, pk)>, which
returns the intermediate Processing Key the walk already computes;
derive_media_key_from_dk becomes a thin wrapper. This lets callers bank
the PK on a DK boil instead of re-deriving it via a second, divergent
walk (the classical-vs-variant cvalues order made that miss silently).

216 AACS tests pass (incl. a new (mk,pk) regression); precommit (1.86) green.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,51 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 0.31.7 (2026-06-17)
+
+### Added
+- `derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(mkb, dks) -> Option<(media_key, processing_key)>`:
+  expose the intermediate Processing Key the subset-difference walk already
+  computes, so callers can record the full key lineage on a Device-Key walk.
+
+### Changed
+- Unify the subset-difference walk: the duplicate `aesg3`/`calc_v_mask`/
+  `calc_pk_from_dk` copies are consolidated to one definition. No behavior change.
+
+
+## 0.31.6 (2026-06-09)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- UDF `read_file`: the AACS Media Key Block (`MKB_RO.inf`) is allocated to a
+  fixed ~128 MiB on UHD discs and zero-padded, but the real record stream is
+  only a few MiB. 0.31.0 added a 64 MiB `MAX_FILE_BYTES` cap on `read_file`,
+  which rejected the padded MKB outright — so `read_aacs_inputs` failed and the
+  online key-resolve path reported "could not read this disc's key files" and
+  **never contacted the keyserver** (a regression on every disc whose MKB
+  exceeds 64 MiB). The MKB is now read length-aware: a bounded prefix is read,
+  the real record length is found via the MKB header, and exactly that is
+  returned — never the padding, and never tripping the cap. Validated
+  end-to-end against a real UHD ISO (MKB reads and trims to its record length).
+- UDF `read_file`: honor inline/embedded allocation descriptors (ICB Tag flags
+  low bits == 3). Tiny files (some AACS `*.inf` key files) store their data
+  embedded directly in the ICB with no out-of-line extents; these are now read
+  from the ICB payload instead of misparsing the embedded bytes as allocation
+  descriptors (which could hard-error since 0.31.0).
+
+## 0.31.5 (2026-06-08)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- MKV mux: stop forcing strictly-monotonic block timestamps on the **video**
+  track. The monotonic nudge (added for audio PES that collide on a
+  millisecond) was clobbering B-frame video PTS — which are legitimately
+  non-monotonic in decode/storage order — to prev+1ms. A `copy` remux
+  preserved the wrong value, but decoding derived DTS from the HEVC POC and
+  found them colliding, emitting thousands of "non monotonically increasing
+  dts" warnings per title. Video now keeps its true PES PTS (Matroska
+  SimpleBlock permits non-monotonic block timestamps); audio/subtitle tracks
+  still get the nudge. Verified: a re-mux drops the warning count to zero.
+
 ## 0.31.4 (2026-06-08)
 
 Test cleanup — no runtime changes. Removed 144 unit tests flagged in adversarial

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "libfreemkv"
-version = "0.31.4"
+version = "0.31.7"
 edition = "2024"
 rust-version = "1.86"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"

src/aacs/keys.rs

@@ -611,7 +611,10 @@ const AESG3_SEED: [u8; 16] = [
 
 /// AACS-G3: derive a subkey from a parent key.
 /// seed[15] += inc, then AES-DEC(key, seed) XOR seed.
-fn aesg3(key: &[u8; 16], inc: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
+///
+/// Shared with [`super::variants`] (its variant chain runs the same SD
+/// tree); a single definition keeps the two walks byte-identical.
+pub(super) fn aesg3(key: &[u8; 16], inc: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
     let mut seed = AESG3_SEED;
     seed[15] = seed[15].wrapping_add(inc);
     let mut out = aes_ecb_decrypt(key, &seed);
@@ -621,8 +624,8 @@ fn aesg3(key: &[u8; 16], inc: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
     out
 }
 
-/// Compute v_mask from a UV value.
-fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
+/// Compute v_mask from a UV value. Shared with [`super::variants`].
+pub(super) fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
     let mut v_mask: u32 = 0xFFFF_FFFF;
     while (uv & !v_mask) == 0 && v_mask != 0 {
         v_mask <<= 1;
@@ -631,7 +634,13 @@ fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
 }
 
 /// Derive processing key from device key using subset-difference tree traversal.
-fn calc_pk_from_dk(dk: &[u8; 16], uv: u32, v_mask: u32, dev_key_v_mask: u32) -> [u8; 16] {
+/// Shared with [`super::variants`].
+pub(super) fn calc_pk_from_dk(
+    dk: &[u8; 16],
+    uv: u32,
+    v_mask: u32,
+    dev_key_v_mask: u32,
+) -> [u8; 16] {
     // Initial derivation: left_child = aesg3(dk, 0), pk = aesg3(dk, 1), right_child = aesg3(dk, 2)
     let mut left_child = aesg3(dk, 0);
     let mut pk = aesg3(dk, 1);
@@ -675,7 +684,26 @@ fn calc_pk_from_dk(dk: &[u8; 16], uv: u32, v_mask: u32, dev_key_v_mask: u32) ->
 }
 
 /// Derive Media Key from MKB using device keys (subset-difference tree).
+///
+/// Thin wrapper over [`derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk`] that drops the
+/// intermediate Processing Key. Callers that need the PK lineage (e.g.
+/// the key service banking DK·PK·MK) should call the `_and_pk_` form.
 pub fn derive_media_key_from_dk(mkb: &[u8], device_keys: &[DeviceKey]) -> Option<[u8; 16]> {
+    derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(mkb, device_keys).map(|(mk, _pk)| mk)
+}
+
+/// Derive both the Media Key and the intermediate Processing Key from an
+/// MKB using device keys (subset-difference tree).
+///
+/// Identical walk to [`derive_media_key_from_dk`]; this form additionally
+/// returns the Processing Key `Kp` derived at the matching subset-difference
+/// node — the value `calc_pk_from_dk` produces immediately before it
+/// validates into the Media Key. Returns `Some((mk, pk))` for the first DK
+/// that walks a uv slot whose Processing Key validates against the MKB.
+pub fn derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(
+    mkb: &[u8],
+    device_keys: &[DeviceKey],
+) -> Option<([u8; 16], [u8; 16])> {
     let mk_dv = mkb_find_mk_dv(mkb)?;
     let uvs = mkb_find_subdiff_records(mkb)?;
     let cvalues = mkb_find_cvalues(mkb)?;
@@ -735,7 +763,7 @@ pub fn derive_media_key_from_dk(mkb: &[u8], device_keys: &[DeviceKey]) -> Option
                         if let Some(mk) =
                             validate_processing_key(&pk, cv, &uvs[1 + uvs_idx * 5..], &mk_dv)
                         {
-                            return Some(mk);
+                            return Some((mk, pk));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -2741,4 +2769,85 @@ mod tests {
         let mkb = [0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04]; // type 0x05, no body
         assert!(probe::mkb_record_body(&mkb, 0x05).is_none());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk_returns_intermediate_pk() {
+        // Regression: a classical DK boil must yield the intermediate
+        // Processing Key, not just the Media Key. The key service banks the
+        // PK lineage (DK·PK·MK·VUK·UK); before the `_and_pk_` form existed it
+        // recovered the MK here but lost the PK silently.
+        //
+        // Build a minimal classical MKB (no 0x82/0x83) with:
+        //   - 0x04 Subset-Difference: u_mask_shift=3, uv=0x00000002
+        //   - 0x05 cvalues: one cvalue C planted so AES-D(Kp, C) XOR uv == mk
+        //   - 0x86 Verify Media Key: mk_dv = AES-E(mk, magic || pad)
+        // and a DK with node=4, uv=2, u_mask_shift=3 so dev_key_v_mask ==
+        // v_mask: the calc_pk_from_dk loop is a no-op and Kp == aesg3(dk, 1).
+        use super::super::decrypt::aes_ecb_encrypt as enc;
+
+        let dk_bytes: [u8; 16] = [
+            0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE,
+            0xFF, 0x00,
+        ];
+        // Expected Processing Key for the no-op walk.
+        let expected_pk = aesg3(&dk_bytes, 1);
+
+        // Plant a known Media Key.
+        let mk: [u8; 16] = [
+            0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xAB, 0xAC, 0xAD,
+            0xAE, 0xAF,
+        ];
+        // uv (big-endian) = 0x00000002; validate XORs uv into mk[12..16].
+        let uv_bytes: [u8; 4] = [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02];
+
+        // cvalue C = AES-E(Kp, mk_raw) where mk_raw = mk with the uv XOR
+        // pre-undone, so the validate step XORs uv back in and recovers mk.
+        let mut mk_raw = mk;
+        for a in 0..4 {
+            mk_raw[12 + a] ^= uv_bytes[a];
+        }
+        let cvalue = enc(&expected_pk, &mk_raw);
+
+        // mk_dv = AES-E(mk, magic || pad); validate decrypts it under mk and
+        // checks the leading 8 bytes against the verify magic.
+        let mut plaintext_vd = [0u8; 16];
+        plaintext_vd[..8].copy_from_slice(&[0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF]);
+        plaintext_vd[8..].copy_from_slice(&[0x11; 8]);
+        let mk_dv = enc(&mk, &plaintext_vd);
+
+        // Assemble the MKB. Type/Version (0x10) header first.
+        let mut mkb = vec![
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x48, 0x14, 0x10, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4D,
+        ];
+        // 0x04 Subset-Difference: body = u_mask_shift(0x03) || uv(4 bytes).
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&[0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09]);
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&[0x03]);
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&uv_bytes);
+        // 0x05 cvalues: one 16-byte cvalue (mkb_find_cvalues prefers 0x05).
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&[0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14]);
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&cvalue);
+        // 0x86 Verify Media Key: mk_dv.
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&[0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14]);
+        mkb.extend_from_slice(&mk_dv);
+
+        let dk = DeviceKey {
+            key: dk_bytes,
+            node: 4,
+            uv: 2,
+            u_mask_shift: 3,
+        };
+
+        // The new `_and_pk_` form returns BOTH the MK and the intermediate PK.
+        let dks = [dk];
+        let (got_mk, got_pk) = derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk(&mkb, &dks)
+            .expect("classical DK boil must derive (mk, pk)");
+        assert_eq!(got_mk, mk, "recovered Media Key must match the planted MK");
+        assert_eq!(
+            got_pk, expected_pk,
+            "returned Processing Key must equal aesg3(dk, 1) for the no-op walk"
+        );
+
+        // And the thin wrapper must still return just the MK.
+        assert_eq!(derive_media_key_from_dk(&mkb, &dks), Some(mk));
+    }
 }

src/aacs/mod.rs

@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ pub use keydb::{DeviceKey, DiscEntry, HostCert, KeyDb};
 pub use keys::probe;
 pub use keys::{
     AacsVersion, ContentCert, ResolveContext, ResolvedKeys, UnitKeyFile, decrypt_unit_key,
-    derive_media_key_from_dk, derive_media_key_from_pk, derive_media_key_from_pk_walked,
-    derive_vuk, disc_hash, disc_hash_hex, mkb_content_len, mkb_version, parse_content_cert,
-    parse_unit_key_ro, read_mkb_from_drive, resolve_keys_v1, resolve_keys_v2, resolve_keys_v21,
-    trim_mkb,
+    derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk, derive_media_key_from_dk, derive_media_key_from_pk,
+    derive_media_key_from_pk_walked, derive_vuk, disc_hash, disc_hash_hex, mkb_content_len,
+    mkb_version, parse_content_cert, parse_unit_key_ro, read_mkb_from_drive, resolve_keys_v1,
+    resolve_keys_v2, resolve_keys_v21, trim_mkb,
 };
 pub use provider::KeyProvider;
 pub use variants::{

src/aacs/variants.rs

@@ -177,66 +177,11 @@ fn aes_g(x1: &[u8; 16], x2: &[u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
 
 // ── Subset-difference walk that exposes (Kp, uv) ──────────────────────────
 
-/// AES-G3 seed register initial value.
-const AESG3_SEED: [u8; 16] = [
-    0x7B, 0x10, 0x3C, 0x5D, 0xCB, 0x08, 0xC4, 0xE5, 0x1A, 0x27, 0xB0, 0x17, 0x99, 0x05, 0x3B, 0xD9,
-];
-
-/// AES-G3 single step: AES-G against the seed register at offset `inc`.
-fn aesg3_step(key: &[u8; 16], inc: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
-    let mut seed = AESG3_SEED;
-    seed[15] = seed[15].wrapping_add(inc);
-    aes_g(key, &seed)
-}
-
-fn calc_v_mask(uv: u32) -> u32 {
-    let mut v_mask: u32 = 0xFFFF_FFFF;
-    while (uv & !v_mask) == 0 && v_mask != 0 {
-        v_mask <<= 1;
-    }
-    v_mask
-}
-
-fn calc_pk_from_dk(dk: &[u8; 16], uv: u32, v_mask: u32, dev_key_v_mask: u32) -> [u8; 16] {
-    let mut left_child = aesg3_step(dk, 0);
-    let mut pk = aesg3_step(dk, 1);
-    let mut right_child = aesg3_step(dk, 2);
-    let mut current_v_mask = dev_key_v_mask;
-
-    // Bound the walk to the 32-level depth of a u32 subset-difference tree.
-    // `current_v_mask` advances via an arithmetic `>> 1` which sign-extends, so
-    // a disc-supplied v_mask coarser than dev_key_v_mask would otherwise drive
-    // current_v_mask up to 0xFFFF_FFFF and spin forever — a crafted MKB must
-    // not hang the rip thread (this runs before the KCD placeholder gate).
-    let mut steps = 0u32;
-    while current_v_mask != v_mask {
-        if steps >= 32 {
-            break;
-        }
-        steps += 1;
-        let mut bit_pos: i32 = -1;
-        for i in (0..32).rev() {
-            if (current_v_mask & (1u32 << i)) == 0 {
-                bit_pos = i;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let curr_key = if bit_pos < 0 || (uv & (1u32 << bit_pos as u32)) == 0 {
-            left_child
-        } else {
-            right_child
-        };
-
-        left_child = aesg3_step(&curr_key, 0);
-        pk = aesg3_step(&curr_key, 1);
-        right_child = aesg3_step(&curr_key, 2);
-
-        current_v_mask = ((current_v_mask as i32) >> 1) as u32;
-    }
-
-    pk
-}
+// `calc_v_mask` and `calc_pk_from_dk` (and the AES-G3 seed step they ride
+// on) are shared with the classical walk in [`super::keys`] — a single
+// definition keeps the variant SD tree byte-identical to the classical one.
+// (`aesg3` itself is imported separately in the test module.)
+use super::keys::{calc_pk_from_dk, calc_v_mask};
 
 /// Outcome of a subset-difference walk against an MKB. Carries the
 /// processing key and the matching `uv` slot — both needed as inputs
@@ -271,6 +216,27 @@ fn mkb_find_mk_dv(records: &[MkbRecord]) -> Option<[u8; 16]> {
 
 /// Walk an MKB and return the first `(Kp, uv, cvalue)` that
 /// `device_keys` covers. Returns `None` if no DK walks any uv.
+///
+/// This is the AACS-2.1 **variant** walk; the classical walk lives in
+/// [`super::keys::derive_media_key_and_pk_from_dk`]. The two are kept
+/// separate on purpose and select MKB records in DELIBERATELY different
+/// order:
+///
+///   - cvalues: this variant walk tries record `0x07`-then-`0x05`; the
+///     classical walk tries `0x05`-then-`0x07`. On a variant MKB the
+///     small `0x07` Explicit-Subset-Difference record carries the
+///     cvalue the Precursor chain consumes, whereas a classical UHD MKB
+///     keeps its 1:1 cvalue table in the large `0x05` record (see the
+///     note on [`super::keys::probe::mkb_cvalues`]). They must NOT be
+///     unified to one order — each is correct for its own MKB shape.
+///   - finders: this walk operates on parsed [`MkbRecord`]s (needed
+///     because the variant chain also reads `0x82`/`0x83`); the
+///     classical walk operates on raw MKB bytes. Same framing, different
+///     input type.
+///
+/// Consequence: do NOT route the classical DK path through this function
+/// — on a classical MKB the `0x07`-first selection picks the wrong (or
+/// missing) cvalue and the magic check fails, so it returns `None`.
 pub fn walk_processing_key(
     records: &[MkbRecord],
     device_keys: &[DeviceKey],
@@ -544,6 +510,10 @@ pub fn derive_media_key_variant(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    // These three live in `super::keys` now (consolidated SD-walk helpers);
+    // `use super::*` does not re-export the parent module's private `use`
+    // imports, so pull them in directly for the tests below.
+    use super::super::keys::{aesg3, calc_pk_from_dk};
 
     #[test]
     fn calc_pk_from_dk_terminates_on_nonconvergent_mask() {
@@ -708,7 +678,7 @@ mod tests {
     ///   agreeing with uv on bits 3+ (the u_mask=1 region). dk.uv ==
     ///   MKB.uv and dk.u_mask_shift == MKB.u_mask_shift make
     ///   `dev_key_v_mask == v_mask`, so `calc_pk_from_dk` loops zero
-    ///   times — Kp = aesg3_step(dk, 1).
+    ///   times — Kp = aesg3(dk, 1).
     /// - one cvalue in record 0x07 chosen so AES-D(Kp, C) ⊕ uv produces a
     ///   Kmp whose byte-15 is exactly `kmp15`.
     /// - record 0x82 with a 16-byte body (acts as both Variant Data
@@ -731,12 +701,12 @@ mod tests {
         // Pick a known DK; with dk.uv == MKB.uv (==2) and
         // dk.u_mask_shift == MKB.u_mask_shift (==3), dev_key_v_mask
         // equals the MKB's v_mask and the calc_pk_from_dk loop is a
-        // no-op — Kp = aesg3_step(dk, 1).
+        // no-op — Kp = aesg3(dk, 1).
         let dk_bytes: [u8; 16] = [
             0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE,
             0xFF, 0x00,
         ];
-        let kp = aesg3_step(&dk_bytes, 1);
+        let kp = aesg3(&dk_bytes, 1);
 
         // Plant Kmp with chosen byte-15, then compute C such that
         // AES-D(Kp, C) ⊕ uv == Kmp. uv=2 → low-4 bytes XOR is 00 00 00 02.
@@ -1002,10 +972,7 @@ mod tests {
         let (recs, dk, planted_kp, _) = synthetic_variant_setup(0x00);
         let m = walk_processing_key(&recs, &[dk]).expect("variant MKB yields a match");
         assert_eq!(m.uv, 2, "matched the planted uv");
-        assert_eq!(
-            m.kp, planted_kp,
-            "Kp equals aesg3_step(dk,1) for the no-op walk"
-        );
+        assert_eq!(m.kp, planted_kp, "Kp equals aesg3(dk,1) for the no-op walk");
         assert_eq!(m.cvalue_index, 0);
     }
 

src/disc/mod.rs

@@ -1307,15 +1307,40 @@ impl Disc {
             .read_file(reader, "/AACS/Unit_Key_RO.inf")
             .or_else(|_| udf_fs.read_file(reader, "/AACS/DUPLICATE/Unit_Key_RO.inf"))
             .map_err(|_| Error::AacsNoKeys)?;
-        let mkb = udf_fs
-            .read_file(reader, "/AACS/MKB_RO.inf")
-            .or_else(|_| udf_fs.read_file(reader, "/AACS/MKB_RW.inf"))
-            .map_err(|_| Error::AacsNoKeys)?;
-        // Trim trailing padding to the real MKB content length, never zeroing
-        // an unrecognised MKB (see `crate::aacs::trim_mkb` — restores the
-        // pre-0.31.0 guard so the online key service never receives an empty
-        // MKB).
-        Ok((inf, crate::aacs::trim_mkb(mkb)))
+        let mkb = Self::read_mkb_content(reader, udf_fs)?;
+        Ok((inf, mkb))
+    }
+
+    /// Read the AACS MKB's real record stream — NOT its zero padding.
+    ///
+    /// `MKB_RO.inf` / `MKB_RW.inf` are allocated to a fixed ~128 MiB and
+    /// zero-padded; the actual record stream is a few MiB. We read a bounded
+    /// prefix, find the record-stream length via [`crate::aacs::mkb_content_len`]
+    /// and return exactly that, growing the prefix if the records run past it.
+    /// This avoids reading 100+ MiB of padding on every scan AND avoids the
+    /// `read_file` `MAX_FILE_BYTES` cap that (since 0.31.0) rejected the padded
+    /// 128 MiB MKB outright — which made `read_aacs_inputs` fail and autorip
+    /// report "could not read this disc's key files" without ever contacting
+    /// the keyserver.
+    fn read_mkb_content(reader: &mut dyn SectorSource, udf_fs: &udf::UdfFs) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        const START_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+        const MAX_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+        let mut want = START_BYTES;
+        loop {
+            let buf = udf_fs
+                .read_file_prefix(reader, "/AACS/MKB_RO.inf", want)
+                .or_else(|_| udf_fs.read_file_prefix(reader, "/AACS/MKB_RW.inf", want))
+                .map_err(|_| Error::AacsNoKeys)?;
+            let n = crate::aacs::mkb_content_len(&buf);
+            // `n` strictly inside `buf` => the record walk reached the padding
+            // boundary (full content captured). `buf` shorter than `want` =>
+            // the whole file is already read. Otherwise the records may run
+            // past the prefix — grow and retry, bounded by MAX_BYTES.
+            if (n > 0 && n < buf.len()) || buf.len() < want || want >= MAX_BYTES {
+                return Ok(crate::aacs::trim_mkb(buf));
+            }
+            want = (want * 2).min(MAX_BYTES);
+        }
     }
 
     /// Read a disc's AACS key-input files from an ISO image: returns

src/mux/mkv.rs

@@ -270,6 +270,26 @@ fn monotonic_ts(prev: Option<i64>, pts_ms: i64) -> i64 {
     }
 }
 
+/// Per-track block timestamp. The strictly-monotonic nudge is applied to
+/// AUDIO/SUBTITLE tracks only; VIDEO (track 0) is returned UNCHANGED.
+///
+/// With B-frames, a video frame's presentation PTS is legitimately
+/// non-monotonic in decode/storage order (a B-frame sits between its anchors,
+/// below the frame stored just before it). Forcing it strictly-increasing
+/// clobbers those PTS to prev+1ms — a `copy` remux preserves the (wrong) value,
+/// but a decoder derives DTS from the HEVC POC and finds them colliding
+/// ("non monotonically increasing dts", thousands per title). Matroska
+/// SimpleBlock permits non-monotonic block timestamps (signed block-relative
+/// offsets), so video keeps its true PES PTS; only no-reorder tracks (audio,
+/// subtitles), where a same-millisecond collision IS a real defect, get nudged.
+fn block_ts(track_idx: usize, prev: Option<i64>, pts_ms: i64) -> i64 {
+    if track_idx == 0 {
+        pts_ms
+    } else {
+        monotonic_ts(prev, pts_ms)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Encode a Matroska track number as an EBML VINT into a stack buffer,
 /// returning the buffer and the used length. Track numbers are small (1-based,
 /// a handful of tracks), so 1 byte covers `< 0x80` and 2 bytes covers the rest;
@@ -550,12 +570,19 @@ impl<W: Write + Seek> MkvMuxer<W> {
         // kept keyframe are clamped to t=0 rather than corrupting the timeline.
         let pts_ms = (raw_ms - base).max(0);
 
-        // Enforce strictly-monotonic per-track block timestamps. Some audio PES
-        // PTS truncate to the same millisecond as the previous frame (or, rarely,
-        // tick back 1ms), which surfaces as "non-monotonic DTS" and is rejected
-        // by ffmpeg/strict players. Nudge to prev+1ms — sub-frame, inaudible,
-        // and A/V sync is unaffected at millisecond granularity.
-        let pts_ms = monotonic_ts(self.last_pts_ms.get(&track_idx).copied(), pts_ms);
+        // Strictly-monotonic block timestamps — AUDIO/SUBTITLE ONLY. Some audio
+        // PES PTS truncate to the same millisecond as the previous frame (or
+        // tick back 1ms); nudge those to prev+1ms (sub-frame, inaudible).
+        //
+        // VIDEO (track 0) is EXEMPT: with B-frames, presentation PTS is
+        // legitimately non-monotonic in decode/storage order (a B-frame's PTS
+        // sits between its anchors, below the frame stored before it). Forcing
+        // it strictly-increasing clobbers those PTS to prev+1ms, which a `copy`
+        // remux preserves but a decoder rejects — it derives DTS from the HEVC
+        // POC and finds them colliding ("non monotonically increasing dts").
+        // Matroska SimpleBlock permits non-monotonic block timestamps (negative
+        // block-relative offsets), so leave the true PES PTS intact for video.
+        let pts_ms = block_ts(track_idx, self.last_pts_ms.get(&track_idx).copied(), pts_ms);
 
         let needs_new_cluster = !self.cluster_open
             || (is_video_key && (pts_ms - self.cluster_ts_ms) >= CLUSTER_DURATION_MS);
@@ -974,6 +1001,46 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(out, [1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1032, 1033, 1064]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn block_ts_exempts_video_from_monotonic_nudge() {
+        // VIDEO (track 0) keeps its true PTS even when non-monotonic in storage
+        // order — a B-frame whose presentation PTS sits below the frame stored
+        // before it must NOT be nudged to prev+1ms (that clobbering is what
+        // produced the "non monotonically increasing dts" flood on decode).
+        assert_eq!(
+            block_ts(0, Some(1040), 1000),
+            1000,
+            "video B-frame PTS preserved"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            block_ts(0, Some(1000), 1000),
+            1000,
+            "video dup-ms PTS preserved"
+        );
+        // A realistic decode-order GOP (I, then B-frames dipping below it):
+        // every value passes through untouched for video.
+        let gop = [1000i64, 960, 920, 1080, 1040];
+        let mut prev = None;
+        let out: Vec<i64> = gop
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&p| {
+                let t = block_ts(0, prev, p);
+                prev = Some(t);
+                t
+            })
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(out, gop, "video timestamps must be left exactly as-is");
+
+        // AUDIO/SUBTITLE (track != 0) still get the strictly-monotonic nudge —
+        // a same-ms collision there is a real defect.
+        assert_eq!(block_ts(1, Some(1000), 1000), 1001, "audio dup-ms nudged");
+        assert_eq!(
+            block_ts(2, Some(1001), 1000),
+            1002,
+            "subtitle back-tick nudged"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mkv_multiple_tracks() {
         let buf = Cursor::new(Vec::new());

src/udf.rs

@@ -21,11 +21,19 @@
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::sector::SectorSource;
 
-/// Upper bound on a single metadata file read (`read_file`). BD-ROM
-/// metadata files (.mpls/.clpi/.inf/.bdmv) are a few KiB to tens of MiB;
-/// 64 MiB is a generous ceiling. Caps the allocation so a crafted ICB
-/// info_length / extent length cannot force a huge zeroed reservation
-/// before any data is read.
+/// Upper bound on a single UNBOUNDED metadata file read (`read_file`).
+/// BD-ROM metadata files (.mpls/.clpi/.bdmv/.inf) are a few KiB to a few
+/// MiB; 64 MiB is a generous ceiling that bounds the allocation a crafted
+/// ICB info_length / extent length can force.
+///
+/// The one legitimately huge file — the AACS `MKB_RO.inf`, allocated to a
+/// fixed ~128 MiB and zero-padded — is NOT read through the unbounded path:
+/// `read_aacs_inputs_from_reader` reads a bounded prefix via
+/// `read_file_prefix` and trims to the real record length, so it never
+/// trips this cap (and never reads 100+ MiB of padding). A 0.31.0
+/// regression added this cap and read the MKB unbounded, so the cap
+/// rejected it → `read_aacs_inputs` failed → autorip reported "could not
+/// read this disc's key files" and never contacted the keyserver.
 const MAX_FILE_BYTES: u64 = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 /// Upper bound on a single directory's on-disc data. Real BD-ROM
@@ -135,6 +143,35 @@ impl UdfFs {
     /// Read a file by path, returning its raw bytes.
     /// Reads all data extents sector by sector from disc — no buffering.
     pub fn read_file(&self, reader: &mut dyn SectorSource, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.read_file_limited(reader, path, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Read at most `max_bytes` of a file (rounded up to a whole sector),
+    /// stopping early rather than reading the whole file.
+    ///
+    /// Used to read only the real, record-length portion of the AACS
+    /// `MKB_RO.inf` — allocated to a fixed ~128 MiB and zero-padded — instead
+    /// of reading 100+ MiB of padding (and tripping `MAX_FILE_BYTES`). The
+    /// caller trims the returned prefix to the MKB record length.
+    pub fn read_file_prefix(
+        &self,
+        reader: &mut dyn SectorSource,
+        path: &str,
+        max_bytes: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.read_file_limited(reader, path, Some(max_bytes))
+    }
+
+    /// Shared implementation of [`read_file`] / [`read_file_prefix`]. When
+    /// `max_bytes` is `Some`, reads at most that many bytes and the whole-file
+    /// `MAX_FILE_BYTES` anti-DoS cap on the declared size / extent lengths is
+    /// not applied (the read is already bounded by `max_bytes`).
+    fn read_file_limited(
+        &self,
+        reader: &mut dyn SectorSource,
+        path: &str,
+        max_bytes: Option<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         let parts: Vec<&str> = path.trim_matches('/').split('/').collect();
         let mut current = &self.root;
 
@@ -166,16 +203,34 @@ impl UdfFs {
                 path: path.to_string(),
             })?;
 
-        // Read ALL the file's data extents. Multi-extent files (fragmented or
-        // split across dual layers) would otherwise be silently truncated to
-        // the first extent, since the buffer is sized to entry.size and
-        // truncate() can't grow it.
+        // `max_bytes == None` => read the whole file; `Some(n)` => read at most
+        // n bytes (rounded up to a sector) and skip the anti-DoS caps below.
+        let limit = max_bytes.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
+
+        // Tiny files (notably the AACS `*.inf` key files) may store their data
+        // embedded inline in the ICB (AD type 3), with no out-of-line extents.
+        // Honor that before the extent path, which would otherwise misparse the
+        // embedded bytes as allocation descriptors and (since 0.31.0) hard-error
+        // on the resulting bogus extent length.
+        if let Some(mut inline) = self.read_inline_data(reader, entry.meta_lba)? {
+            let want = (entry.size as usize).min(limit);
+            if inline.len() > want {
+                inline.truncate(want);
+            }
+            return Ok(inline);
+        }
+
+        // Read the file's data extents. Multi-extent files (fragmented or split
+        // across dual layers) would otherwise be silently truncated to the
+        // first extent, since the buffer is sized to entry.size and truncate()
+        // can't grow it.
         let extents = self.read_icb_extents(reader, entry.meta_lba)?;
 
-        // Reject an oversized declared total before allocating: entry.size is
-        // a raw u64 off the ICB, so a crafted file could otherwise force a
-        // multi-hundred-MiB / GiB allocation across its extents.
-        if entry.size > MAX_FILE_BYTES {
+        // Reject an oversized declared total before allocating: entry.size is a
+        // raw u64 off the ICB, so a crafted file could otherwise force a
+        // multi-hundred-MiB / GiB allocation. Only for the UNBOUNDED path — a
+        // bounded read is limited by `limit` regardless of the declared size.
+        if max_bytes.is_none() && entry.size > MAX_FILE_BYTES {
             return Err(Error::DiscRead {
                 sector: self.partition_start as u64,
                 status: None,
@@ -183,33 +238,30 @@ impl UdfFs {
             });
         }
 
-        // Read ALL the file's data extents. File DATA is in the physical
-        // partition (partition_start + lba), NOT the metadata partition: ICBs
-        // are in metadata, data is in physical.
-        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(entry.size as usize);
+        // Read the file DATA from the physical partition (partition_start +
+        // lba), NOT the metadata partition: ICBs are in metadata, data is in
+        // physical. Pre-allocate to the smaller of declared size and the
+        // requested prefix (capped so a bogus entry.size can't reserve GiB).
+        let cap_hint = (entry.size as usize)
+            .min(limit)
+            .min(MAX_FILE_BYTES as usize);
+        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(cap_hint);
         let mut sector = [0u8; 2048];
-        for (data_lba, data_len) in extents {
-            // Cumulative guard: entry.size and each per-extent data_len are
-            // capped individually above, but a crafted ICB can chain many
-            // small extents (read_icb_extents follows type-3 chains up to
-            // MAX_AD_BLOCKS) whose running total grows `data` into GiB. Reject
-            // once the accumulated bytes would exceed MAX_FILE_BYTES.
-            if data.len() as u64 + data_len as u64 > MAX_FILE_BYTES {
-                return Err(Error::DiscRead {
-                    sector: self.partition_start as u64,
-                    status: None,
-                    sense: None,
-                });
-            }
-            // data_len is the disc-controlled 30-bit extent length; reject an
-            // oversized extent before reading so a crafted ICB can't grow the
-            // buffer past MAX_FILE_BYTES.
-            if data_len as u64 > MAX_FILE_BYTES {
-                return Err(Error::DiscRead {
-                    sector: self.partition_start as u64,
-                    status: None,
-                    sense: None,
-                });
+        'extents: for (data_lba, data_len) in extents {
+            if max_bytes.is_none() {
+                // Anti-DoS guards for the unbounded path: a crafted ICB can
+                // chain many extents whose running total grows `data` into GiB,
+                // or declare a single oversized extent. (Skipped when bounded —
+                // `limit` already caps the read.)
+                if data.len() as u64 + data_len as u64 > MAX_FILE_BYTES
+                    || data_len as u64 > MAX_FILE_BYTES
+                {
+                    return Err(Error::DiscRead {
+                        sector: self.partition_start as u64,
+                        status: None,
+                        sense: None,
+                    });
+                }
             }
             let abs_start = self
                 .partition_start
@@ -221,6 +273,9 @@ impl UdfFs {
                 })?;
             let sector_count = (data_len as u64).div_ceil(2048) as u32;
             for i in 0..sector_count {
+                if data.len() >= limit {
+                    break 'extents;
+                }
                 let abs = abs_start.checked_add(i).ok_or(Error::DiscRead {
                     sector: abs_start as u64,
                     status: None,
@@ -231,10 +286,12 @@ impl UdfFs {
             }
         }
 
-        // Trim to the real file size; if extents under-covered the file (e.g.
-        // sparse), leave what we have rather than over-reporting.
-        if data.len() > entry.size as usize {
-            data.truncate(entry.size as usize);
+        // Trim to the real file size, or to the requested prefix — whichever is
+        // smaller. If extents under-covered the file (e.g. sparse), leave what
+        // we have rather than over-reporting.
+        let trim_to = (entry.size as usize).min(limit);
+        if data.len() > trim_to {
+            data.truncate(trim_to);
         }
         Ok(data)
     }
@@ -382,6 +439,54 @@ impl UdfFs {
         })
     }
 
+    /// If this ICB stores its file data INLINE (embedded — ICB Tag flags low
+    /// 3 bits == 3) rather than via out-of-line extents, return the embedded
+    /// bytes. Tiny files such as the AACS `*.inf` key files are routinely
+    /// embedded directly in the ICB; `read_icb_extents` finds no real extents
+    /// for them (it would misparse the embedded payload as allocation
+    /// descriptors), so `read_file` must read the inline payload here. Returns
+    /// `Ok(None)` for the normal extent-backed case.
+    ///
+    /// (Regression guard: 0.31.0 added a per-extent `MAX_FILE_BYTES` cap that
+    /// turned the misparsed-embedded case into a hard error, which surfaced as
+    /// autorip "could not read this disc's key files" on discs whose AACS
+    /// `.inf` files are ICB-embedded — the keyserver was then never called.)
+    fn read_inline_data(
+        &self,
+        reader: &mut dyn SectorSource,
+        meta_lba: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let icb_abs = self.meta_to_abs(meta_lba)?;
+        let mut icb = [0u8; 2048];
+        read_sector(reader, icb_abs, &mut icb)?;
+        let tag = u16::from_le_bytes([icb[0], icb[1]]);
+        let (ad_offset, l_ad) = match tag {
+            // Extended File Entry (266) / standard File Entry (261): the
+            // allocation-descriptors field (which, for embedded files, holds
+            // the data itself) begins after the extended attributes.
+            266 => {
+                let l_ea = u32::from_le_bytes([icb[208], icb[209], icb[210], icb[211]]) as usize;
+                let l_ad = u32::from_le_bytes([icb[212], icb[213], icb[214], icb[215]]) as usize;
+                (216 + l_ea, l_ad)
+            }
+            261 => {
+                let l_ea = u32::from_le_bytes([icb[168], icb[169], icb[170], icb[171]]) as usize;
+                let l_ad = u32::from_le_bytes([icb[172], icb[173], icb[174], icb[175]]) as usize;
+                (176 + l_ea, l_ad)
+            }
+            _ => return Ok(None),
+        };
+        // ICB Tag flags: u16 at absolute offset 34, low 3 bits select the AD
+        // type. 3 == data embedded inline in the ICB.
+        let icb_flags = u16::from_le_bytes([icb[34], icb[35]]);
+        if (icb_flags & 0x07) != 3 {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        let start = ad_offset.min(icb.len());
+        let end = ad_offset.saturating_add(l_ad).min(icb.len());
+        Ok(Some(icb[start..end].to_vec()))
+    }
+
     /// Read ALL allocation extents for a file from its ICB.
     /// Returns Vec of (partition_relative_lba, byte_length) pairs.
     /// Handles files with many extents (e.g. 88 GB m2ts files have ~90 extents)