libfreemkv

Rust library for 4K UHD / Blu-ray / DVD optical drives. Drive access, disc scanning, stream labels, AACS decryption, CSS decryption, KEYDB updates, and content reading in one crate. Bundled drive profiles — no external files needed.

Built-in keys cover DVDs and Blu-rays (AACS 1.0). For UHD (AACS 2.0 / 2.1) discs, an optional keydb.cfg supplies disc-specific volume unique keys.

12+ MB/s sustained read speeds on BD. Full init: unlock, firmware upload, speed calibration — all from pure Rust.

Multi-lingual by design — the library outputs structured data and numeric error codes, never English text. Build any UI or localization on top.

API Documentation · Technical Docs

Part of the freemkv project.

Install

[dependencies]
libfreemkv = "0.25"

Quick Start

use libfreemkv::{Drive, Disc, ScanOptions};
use std::path::Path;

// Open drive — profiles are bundled, auto-identified
let mut drive = Drive::open(Path::new("/dev/sg4"))?;
drive.wait_ready()?;              // wait for disc
drive.init()?;                     // unlock + firmware upload
drive.probe_disc()?;               // probe disc surface for optimal speeds

// Scan disc — UDF, playlists, streams, AACS (all automatic)
let disc = Disc::scan(&mut drive, &ScanOptions::default())?;

for title in &disc.titles {
    println!("{} — {} streams", title.duration_display(), title.streams.len());
}

// Stream pipeline — read PES frames from any source, write to any output
let opts = libfreemkv::InputOptions::default();
let mut input = libfreemkv::input("iso://Disc.iso", &opts)?;
let title = input.info().clone();
let mut output = libfreemkv::output("mkv://Movie.mkv", &title)?;
while let Ok(Some(frame)) = input.read() {
    output.write(&frame)?;
}
output.finish()?;

Multi-pass recovery rip

For damaged discs the library exposes two flat verbs — Disc::sweep for the forward Pass 1 and Disc::patch for retrying bad ranges. The library never loops; the multipass policy is the caller's job. See docs/rip-recovery.md.

use libfreemkv::{SweepOptions, PatchOptions};
use libfreemkv::disc::{mapfile, mapfile_path_for};
use std::path::Path;

let iso = Path::new("disc.iso");

// Pass 1: disc → ISO. Skip-on-error, zero-fill, write the sidecar mapfile.
disc.sweep(&mut drive, iso, &SweepOptions {
    decrypt: true,
    resume: false,
    batch_sectors: None,
    skip_on_error: true,
    progress: None,
    halt: None,
})?;

// Pass 2..N: retry every non-finished range. Idempotent.
loop {
    let map = mapfile::Mapfile::load(&mapfile_path_for(iso))?;
    let stats = map.stats();
    if stats.bytes_pending + stats.bytes_unreadable == 0 { break; }

    let outcome = disc.patch(&mut drive, iso, &PatchOptions {
        decrypt: true,
        block_sectors: None,
        full_recovery: true,
        reverse: true,
        wedged_threshold: 50,
        progress: None,
        halt: None,
    })?;
    if outcome.bytes_recovered_this_pass == 0 { break; }
}

// Mux from the ISO via the normal stream pipeline (no drive involvement).

What It Does

• Drive access — open, identify, unlock, firmware upload, speed calibration, eject
• 12+ MB/s reads — auto-detects kernel transfer limits, sustained full speed
• Disc scanning — UDF 2.50 filesystem, MPLS playlists, CLPI clip info
• Stream labels — 5 BD-J format parsers (Paramount, Criterion, Pixelogic, CTRM, Deluxe)
• AACS decryption — transparent key resolution and content decrypt (1.0 + 2.0 bus decryption)
• KEYDB updates — download, verify, save from any HTTP URL (zero deps, raw TCP)
• Content reading — adaptive batch reads with automatic decryption
• Stream I/O — unified stream pipeline for reading and writing any format

Streams

Stream	Input	Output	Transport
DiscStream	Yes	--	Optical drive via SCSI
IsoStream	Yes	--	Blu-ray ISO image file (read via stream pipeline; written via Disc::sweep())
MkvStream	Yes	Yes	Matroska container
M2tsStream	Yes	Yes	BD transport stream with FMKV metadata header
NetworkStream	Yes (listen)	Yes (connect)	TCP with FMKV metadata header
StdioStream	Yes (stdin)	Yes (stdout)	Raw byte pipe
NullStream	--	Yes	Discard sink (byte counter for benchmarks)

Streams implement FrameSource (read) and/or FrameSink (write); direction is type-checked. input() / output() resolve URL strings to PES stream instances. All URLs use the scheme://path format — bare paths are rejected.

Keys

DVDs (CSS) decrypt out of the box — the 1999-era public player keys are compiled into the library.

Blu-rays and UHD (AACS) require a keydb.cfg at ~/.config/freemkv/keydb.cfg (or passed via ScanOptions). The file holds all DKs, PKs, host certs, and per-disc VUKs. No AACS key material is compiled into the binary.

Architecture

Drive                  — open, identify, init, unlock, single-shot read
  ├── ScsiTransport    — SG_IO (Linux), IOKit (macOS), SPTI (Windows)
  ├── DriveProfile     — per-drive unlock parameters (bundled)
  └── PlatformDriver   — MediaTek (supported), Renesas (planned)

Disc                   — scan titles, streams, AACS/CSS state
  ├── UDF reader       — Blu-ray UDF 2.50 with metadata partitions
  ├── MPLS parser      — playlists → titles + clips + streams
  ├── CLPI parser      — clip info → EP map → sector extents
  ├── IFO parser       — DVD title sets, PGC chains, cell addresses
  ├── Labels           — 5 BD-J format parsers (detect + parse)
  ├── AACS             — key resolution + content decryption
  ├── CSS              — DVD CSS cipher (table-driven, no keys needed)
  └── KEYDB            — download + verify + save

Streams                — unified PES pipeline
  ├── FrameSource      — read() PES frames (direction-typed)
  ├── FrameSink        — write() PES frames (direction-typed)
  ├── DiscStream       — sectors → decrypt → TS demux → PES
  ├── IsoStream        — ISO file → decrypt → TS demux → PES
  ├── MkvStream        — MKV mux/demux
  ├── M2tsStream       — BD transport stream
  ├── NetworkStream    — TCP with FMKV metadata header
  ├── StdioStream      — stdin/stdout pipe
  └── NullStream       — discard sink

See docs/ for detailed technical documentation on each module.

Error Codes

All errors are structured with numeric codes. No user-facing English text — applications format their own messages.

Range	Category
E1xxx	Device errors (not found, permission)
E2xxx	Profile errors (unsupported drive)
E3xxx	Unlock errors (failed, signature)
E4xxx	SCSI errors (command failed, timeout)
E5xxx	I/O errors
E6xxx	Disc format errors
E7xxx	AACS errors
E8xxx	KEYDB update errors

Platform Support

Platform	Status	Backend
Linux	Supported	SG_IO ioctl
macOS	Supported	IOKit SCSITask
Windows	Supported	SPTI

Contributing

Run freemkv info disc:// --share with the freemkv CLI to contribute your drive's profile.

License

AGPL-3.0-only