Matthew Jackson
4fcd28b487
Four conformance defects in the read paths, two of them silent corruption. **Lacing was ignored entirely.** RFC 9559 §10.2 defines Xiph, EBML and fixed-size lacing, where one Block carries several frames; the reader took the Block payload verbatim, so a laced Block became a single "frame" consisting of a lacing header followed by concatenated frames — garbage to the codec parser, no error. Audio tracks from other muxers commonly use lacing, so an ordinary foreign MKV was silently mangled. All three modes are now parsed: Xiph 255-run sizes including the trailing-zero rule for exact multiples of 255, EBML unsigned first size plus SIGNED VINT deltas with the 2^((7*n)-1)-1 bias of §10.3.3, and fixed-size even division, with the last frame's size deduced from the remainder. Laced timestamps follow §10.3.5: the first frame takes the Block timestamp and the rest are spaced by the track's DefaultDuration, else BlockDuration/count, else shared with a warn. Parsing was chosen over refusing because refusal would leave freemkv unable to remux common foreign audio at all, and each mode is about fifteen lines. A malformed lacing header now raises a NEW code, E_MKV_LACING_INVALID = 9052, deliberately NOT MkvInvalid — because is_skippable_title_stub classifies MkvInvalid as a skippable nav stub, so reusing it would have recreated the exact conflation that is still open as a separate finding. A test asserts the new code is not skippable. **TrackNumber was assumed to be 1..N in TrackEntry order.** RFC 9559 §5.1.4.1.1 only requires it to be non-zero and unique, so sparse or unordered numbers are legal. Block routing and codec_private both computed track + 1. A real TrackNumber map is now built, recorded only for TrackEntries that yield a stream so dropped track types no longer shift the mapping. Verified red here independently, and the failure mode is worse than mis-routing: with track + 1 restored, a buttons track's payload was attributed to the AUDIO stream — wrong payload into the wrong codec parser. **The NAL length prefix was hardcoded to 4 bytes.** lengthSizeMinusOne lives in avcC byte 4 and hvcC byte 21 (ISO/IEC 14496-15 §5.3.3.1.2, §8.3.3.1.2) and was never read, so a source declaring 1- or 2-byte prefixes had its raw prefixed bytes emitted verbatim with no start codes. All four conversion sites now derive the width from the track's own configuration record. **Edit lists were ignored.** No edts/elst was parsed, so the presentation timeline an edit list defines (ISO/IEC 14496-12 §8.6.5/§8.6.6) was dropped — which is how encoder delay is normally expressed. Leading empty edits and the first media edit's media_time are now applied to both dts and pts, with the movie vs media timescale distinction respected. A list needing more than a constant shift applies the leading edit and warns rather than presenting the result as faithful. 17 tests. I reproduced the lacing mutant independently: returning the body whole kills five of them, including the exact-payload and malformed-header cases. Still open and deliberately untouched: the MkvInvalid / is_skippable_title_stub conflation across ~20 reader raise sites. It is a cross-cutting error.rs change and E_MKV_LACING_INVALID is the template for it.
libfreemkv
Rust library for 4K UHD / Blu-ray / DVD optical drives. Drive access, disc scanning, stream labels, AACS decryption, CSS decryption, KEYDB updates, and content reading in one crate. Drive-level unlocking is handled internally; consumers work with disc access and decryption only.
DVDs (CSS) decrypt out of the box. Blu-ray and UHD (AACS) require a keydb.cfg (default ~/.config/freemkv/keydb.cfg) supplying disc-specific volume unique keys; no AACS key material is compiled in.
12+ MB/s sustained read speeds on BD. Drive prep (init()) handles unlocking internally via the freemkv-unlock crate — clients never see it; when no drive unlock applies, the library rips via the host-certificate AACS handshake.
Multi-lingual by design — the library outputs structured data and numeric error codes, never English text. Build any UI or localization on top.
Part of the freemkv project.
Install
Consumed by git tag (not published to crates.io):
[dependencies]
libfreemkv = { git = "https://github.com/freemkv/libfreemkv", tag = "vX.Y.Z" }
Quick Start
use libfreemkv::{Drive, Disc, ScanOptions};
use std::path::Path;
// Open drive — identified via INQUIRY
let mut drive = Drive::open(Path::new("/dev/sg4"))?;
drive.wait_ready()?; // wait for disc
drive.init()?; // unlock + prep (handled internally)
drive.probe_disc()?; // probe disc surface for optimal speeds
// Scan disc — UDF, playlists, streams, AACS (all automatic)
let disc = Disc::scan(&mut drive, &ScanOptions::default())?;
for title in &disc.titles {
println!("{} — {} streams", title.duration_display(), title.streams.len());
}
// Stream pipeline — read PES frames from any source, write to any output
let opts = libfreemkv::InputOptions::default();
let mut input = libfreemkv::input("iso://Disc.iso", &opts)?;
let title = input.info().clone();
let mut output = libfreemkv::output("mkv://Movie.mkv", &title)?;
while let Ok(Some(frame)) = input.read() {
output.write(&frame)?;
}
output.finish()?;
Multi-pass recovery rip
Recovery moved OUT of this crate in 1.6.0. The sweep/patch strategy, the
ddrescue mapfile, damage classification and the multipass loop now live in the
freemkv-engine crate as freemkv_engine::recovery::{copy, sweep, patch}.
libfreemkv keeps the layers underneath: the raw single-shot read
(Drive::read) and the SCSI-fact translation (SenseFamily) that the engine's
strategy is built on. The dependency runs engine → libfreemkv, so this crate
cannot call into it; front-ends get recovery from the engine directly. See
docs/rip-recovery.md for what stayed here.
What It Does
- Drive access — open, identify, internal unlock + prep, speed control, eject
- 12+ MB/s reads — auto-detects kernel transfer limits, sustained full speed
- Disc scanning — UDF 2.50 filesystem, MPLS playlists, CLPI clip info
- Stream labels — 5 BD-J format parsers (Paramount, Criterion, Pixelogic, CTRM, Deluxe)
- AACS decryption — transparent key resolution and content decrypt (1.0 + 2.0 bus decryption)
- KEYDB updates — download, verify, save from any HTTP URL (zero deps, raw TCP)
- Content reading — adaptive batch reads with automatic decryption
- Stream I/O — unified stream pipeline for reading and writing any format
Streams
| Stream | Input | Output | Transport |
|---|---|---|---|
| DiscStream | Yes | -- | Optical drive via SCSI |
| IsoStream | Yes | -- | Blu-ray ISO image file (read via stream pipeline; written by freemkv_engine::recovery) |
| MkvStream | Yes | Yes | Matroska container |
| M2tsStream | Yes | Yes | BD transport stream with FMKV metadata header |
| NetworkStream | Yes (listen) | Yes (connect) | TCP with FMKV metadata header |
| StdioStream | Yes (stdin) | Yes (stdout) | Raw byte pipe |
| NullStream | -- | Yes | Discard sink (byte counter for benchmarks) |
Streams implement a single unified pes::Stream trait (re-exported as PesStream) exposing read() and write() on one type. input() / output() resolve URL strings to PES stream instances. All URLs use the scheme://path format — bare paths are rejected.
Keys
DVDs (CSS) decrypt out of the box, with no external key file needed.
Blu-rays and UHD (AACS) require a keydb.cfg at ~/.config/freemkv/keydb.cfg (or passed via ScanOptions). No AACS key material is compiled into the binary.
Architecture
Drive — open, identify, init, single-shot read
├── ScsiTransport — SG_IO (Linux), IOKit (macOS), SPTI (Windows)
└── unlock_bridge — private seam to the freemkv-unlock crate
(firmware / AACS cert / CSS bus-auth unlockers)
Disc — scan titles, streams, AACS/CSS state
├── UDF reader — Blu-ray UDF 2.50 with metadata partitions
├── MPLS parser — playlists → titles + clips + streams
├── CLPI parser — clip info → EP map → sector extents
├── IFO parser — DVD title sets, PGC chains, cell addresses
├── Labels — 5 BD-J format parsers (detect + parse)
├── AACS — key resolution + content decryption
├── CSS — DVD CSS (bus auth → player-key disc crack → known-plaintext title-key attack)
└── KEYDB — download + verify + save
Streams — unified PES pipeline
├── PesStream — pes::Stream: one trait, read()/write() PES frames
├── DiscStream — sectors → decrypt → TS demux → PES
├── IsoStream — ISO file → decrypt → TS demux → PES
├── MkvStream — MKV mux/demux
├── M2tsStream — BD transport stream
├── NetworkStream — TCP with FMKV metadata header
├── StdioStream — stdin/stdout pipe
└── NullStream — discard sink
See docs/ for detailed technical documentation on each module.
Error Codes
All errors are structured with numeric codes. No user-facing English text — applications format their own messages.
| Range | Category |
|---|---|
| E1xxx | Device errors (not found, permission) |
| E2xxx | Profile errors (unsupported drive) |
| E3xxx | Unlock errors (failed, signature) |
| E4xxx | SCSI errors (command failed, timeout) |
| E5xxx | I/O errors |
| E6xxx | Disc format errors |
| E7xxx | AACS errors |
| E8xxx | KEYDB update errors |
| E9xxx | Stream / mux errors (URL, PES, ISO, pipeline, demux) |
Platform Support
| Platform | Status | Backend |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | Supported | SG_IO ioctl |
| macOS | Supported | IOKit SCSITask |
| Windows | Supported | SPTI |
Contributing
Run freemkv info disc:// --share with the freemkv CLI to capture your drive's identity for contribution. Drive-unlock profiles are maintained in the freemkv-unlock repository.
License
MIT